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Chvens forumshi aqtualuri gaxda mecnieruli temebi da minda gavaketo patara da mokrdzalebuli tema msoflio religiebtan dakavshirebit,rata calmxrivad marto mecnierebis kutxit ar shevxedot ama tu im religias.mokled mogitxrobt yvelafers religiastan dakavshirebit.tema iqneba read only,anu mxolod wakitxvis sashualeba eqnebat forumelebs.

Daviwyot! tviton sityva religia ras nishnavs?'Religio' latinuri sityvaa da nishnavs mowiwebas,yuradgebas,tayvaniscemas,sindisianobas,morwmuneobas,gvtismosaobas.
Religiis warmomavlobisa da tavdapirveli mnishvnelobis shesaxeb ramdenime mosazreba arsebobs. Cnobili romaeli oratori da politikuri mogvawe ciceroni(106-43) am termins etimologiurad latinur zmnastan 'relegere' akavshirebda,romelic itargmneba,rogorc shekreba,xolo gadataniti mnishvnelobit krdzalvas nishnavs. Igi religiurobis arsebit nishnad idumalebit shemosil da umagles dzalta e.i. Gvtaebata tayvaniscemis westa mcodneobas asaxelebs.
meore latinurenovani mwerali da qristiani teologi laqtanciusi ki miichnevda rom sityva religia warmosdgeba latinuri sityvidan(zmnidan) 'religare',rac dakavshirebas,sheertebas nishnavs.misi tqmit religiis arsi mdgomareobs imashi,rom agvadginot kavshiri gmerttan.
am sityvas ganmartavs agretve avgustinianec,romelic ambobs,rom religia warmosdgeba latinuri zmnidan 'reeligere' rac nishnavs xelaxal kavshirs.rac migvanishnebs imaze,rom religia gmerttan odesgac gac gawyvetili urtiertobis ganaxlebaa.
mashasadame, sityva religia warmosdgeba latinuri zmnebidan 'relegere', 'religare' da 'reeligere' romlebic ertmanets enatesavebian formitac da mnishvnelobitac - shemokreba,ganaxleba,dakavshireba,xolo gadataniti mnishvnelobit - gvtismosaoba,tayvaniscema(kultmsaxureba),krdzaluleba.

Shegvidzlia vtqvat rom 'religio' rtuli sityvaa da shedgeba 2 nawilisagan : 're' - rac nishnavs ganmeorebas da 'ligo' rac nishnavs dakavshirebas.
religias aqvs 2 mxare: 1). Igi aris adamianis cnobierebis garkveuli mdgomareoba -agmatebulisa da zebunebrivis gancda.uxilavisa da dafarulis rwmena.yovelgvari gvtismsaxureba,saidumlo,mistiuri qmedebani da 2).siwminde riskenac iswrafis adamiani,da tayvans scems.am mxaris gareshe religia emsgavseba mistikas anu saidumloebrioba, rogoricaa shamanizmi,okultizmi,satanizmi da a.sh. Mat ver davarqmevt religiebs,isini ufro fsevdoreligiebia.sheicaven religiis calkeul elementebs:swamt sulebi da zebunebrivi dzalebi,magram sinamdvileshi isini religiis dacemis,degradaciis,gaukugmartebis shedegia.
religiis magivrad gamoiyeneba agretve sxva sityvebic.magalitad,konfesia,rac latinurad nishnavs agmsareblobas; kulti,sarwmunoba.
bunebis mravalferobam da adamianis swrafvma mravalmxrivobisken pirvelyofili sazogadoebis shegnebashi daanawevra gvtaebis ertiani saxe da bunebis titoeul movlenas sakutari sawyisi da mfarveli gauchina.ase chamoyalibda politeizmi(mravalgmertianoba),panteizmi(gmertisa da bunebis ertianoba,igiveoba).mat sapirispirod ki warmoishva monoteizmi(ertgmertianoba),dualizmi(ori sawyisis-ketilisa da borotis rwmena),deizmi(bunebisagan gvtis srulad gamijvna).
religiisa da gvtis ideis warmoshobis sakitxshi teisturi da ateisturi tvalsazrisebi ertmanets mkvetadrad upirispirdeba ertmanets.ateistebi uaryofen religiuri ideebis da gvtis cnebis adamianshi imanenturad arsebobas.foierbaxi amtkicebda rom adamianma sheqmna gmerti da ara piriqit

Gmertisa da religiis shesaxeb ramdenime hipoteza arsebobs: 1).naturalisturi,romelic religiuri cnobierebis agmocenebis mizezad bunebis damtrgunvel movlenata winashe adamianis shishs asaxelebs. 2).animisturi,romlis tanaxmadac sxva(zebunebrivi) samyaros rwmena adamians isetma movlenebma gauchina, rogoricaa mag. Sizmari da halucinaciebi. 3). Socialuri, ambobs rom religiuri idealebi,sanatreli samyaros rwmena,titqos cxovrebisgan gawamebuli xalxis mxolod primitiuli ocnebebis nayofia.

Religiata dajgufebis sxvadasxva tradicia da kriteriumi arsebobs.rogorc pavle mociquli ambobs: 'warmartebi,romeltac rjuli ar gaachniat,bunebit rjulismiers aketeben'.ritac igi xazs usvams,rom arsebobs :1.bunebiti rjuli anu bunebiti religia da 2.gamocxadebuli rjuli anu gamocxadebuli religia. (igulisxmeba dzveli da axali agtqma).
Axla ganvixilav mokle pirvelyofili adamianebis mier chamoyalibebul zogiert religias:
1.animizmi - rwmena,rom yvela sagans suli aqvs;
2.fetishizmi - usulo sagnebis tayvaniscema,nivtebis gaidealeba,kerptayvanismcemloba.
3. Totemizmi - gvaris tu tomis winaprad romelime cxovelis an mcenaris agiareba.
4. Magia - ketili an boroti dzalebis momadliereba sanacvlos mozgvevis miznit. Magiis 2 saxe arsebobs:shavi anu bopoti(shelocvebi gzata gamrudebisatvis) da tetri anu ketili(locvebi warmatebistvis).
warmartoba anu kerptayvanismcemloba,religiis ufro sworad spiritualizmis chamotvlil formebs efudzneba.

Mokled ase, religia aris ideata da qmedebata sistema, romelic dafudznebulia rcmenaze, rom arseboben arabunebrivi dzalebi, romlebic zemoqmedeben samyaroze da adamianis cxovrebaze. etimologiurad religiis yvelaze cnobili gansazghvrebaa "xelaxla dakavshireba", tumca sxvebi varaudoben, rom igi nishnavs "(samyaros) ganmeorebit cakitxvas". es idea ghirebulia qristianobisatvis, magram ara romauli carmartobisatvis, romlisganac momdinareobs es sityva. mattvis "religia" aris aris ghmerttan visime xelaxla dakavshirebis iaraghi.

Tvali gadavavlot religiamdel epoqasac. Anu ra xdeboda mashin,sanam warmoishveboda esa tu is religia.

religiamdeli epoqa.
es aris periodi adamianis gachenidan pirveli religiuri carmodgenebis sheqmnamde. adamianis gamochenas mecniereba varaudobs 2,5mln clis cin. pirveli mitologiuri da religiuri carmodgenebi,primitiuli saxit, savaraudod 35-40 atasi clis carmoishva. es damtkicebulia arqeologiuri, etnografiuli, istoriuli enatmecnierebis monacemebit.sociologta azrit, es iyo dro, rodesac aravitari sazogadoebrivi shegneba, kultura, gaertianeba ar arsebobda. religia titqos uecrad sheiqmna da iyo giganturi nabiji adamianta sazogadoebis istoriashi. arqeologiuri masalebit mtkicdeba, rom adamianma bunebis dzalebtan brdzolashi, cecxlis gachenis, movlis, shenaxvis da sxva monapovris shedegad sheqmna tavisi saxe, sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis normebi, zneobrivi kanon-cesebi, da am processhi xdeboda religiis chamoyalibeba.

religiis carmoshobas cin uscrebda religiamdeli xangrdzlivi procesi
ganvitarebisa, qvis xanis epoqidan. udzvelesi forma religiisa iyo magia-
jadoqruli gzit bunebaze zemoqmedebis rcmena, rasac pirvelyofili adamiani sakulto ceremoniebit da shelocvebit gamoxatavda mistvis sasurveli miznebis misaghcevad. pirveli chanasaxi religiisa gamoixateboda realurad arsebul saganta gandidebashi, titqos mat hqondat zebunebrivi dzala: qvas, nizharas, tmas. es iyo fetishis rcmena. shemdeg mtavaria magiis, totemisrcmena. tomi gaaghmertebda romelime mistvis mnishvnelovan cxovels. mesame obieqti tayvaniscemisa iyo
suli, cinaparta sulebis rcmena. bolos. ukve klasobrivi sazogadoebis sheqmnis shemdeg, tandatan sheiqmna rcmena ghmertebisa,
mitebi, romelshic adamianebtan moqmedebdnen ghmertebi da qalghmertebi, demonebi da qajebi, ჭinkebi da feriebi. amgvarad,
umartivesi carmodgenebi mkvdar sagnebze tandatanobit iqca
srulyofil kosmogoniur sistemad. religiis ganvitarebis istoriuli formebia: tomobrivi, erovnul-saxelmcifoebrivi da msoflio religiebi. dzveli religiuri carmodgenebis damaxasiatebeli nishnebia:antropomorfizmi, animizmida magia.

antropomorfizmi (berdzn."antropos" nishnavs adamians, xolo morfos - saxeobas) aris adamianis tvisebis gavrceleba bunebis movlenebsa da sagnebze. mat axasiatebt adamianuri tvisebebi. buneba cocxalia
da sulieria. antropomorfizmi dzveli religiuri carmodgenebis damaxasiatebeli nishania.

animizmi (lat. anima - suli) -zogadad sulisa da sulierebis arsebobis rcmena, aseve usulo sagnebisa da bunebrivi movlenebisatvis
sulis arsebobis dashveba. termini pirvelad gamoiyena germanelma mecnierma g. shtalma. nashromshi "Theoria medica" (1708) man animizmi
daarqva mis scavlebas sulis shesaxeb, rogorc raghac upirovnebo cxovrebiseul sacyiss, romelic mteli cocxali procesebis
safudzvels carmoadgenda. aristoteles msgavsad shtali suls sxeulis mamodzraveblad miichnevda.aghnishnul movlenas adgili qonda antikur xanashi qristianobis agvrcelebamde. adamianebma jer ghvtaebebad
aghiares sxvadasxva usulo sagani tu movlena da shemdeg mati sulis arsebobis an matshi sulis arsebobis faqtic daushves... (sulis
arseboba igive sulis matarebloba ara suliereba
aramed mxolod sulis ჭurჭlis funqcia /avt.)

qartul etnografiul yofashi arsebobda mravali animizmis magaliti: qvis kulti, xaris kulti da sxva...

Rac sheexeba magias: magia aris zebunebrivi dzala romelic axdens zemoqmedebas, magias sheudzlia gavlena moaxdinos movlenebze adamianebze dasagnebze.misi shesadzleblobebi sheuzghudavia.dghes magiis gavlena imdenad didia romteologebi shishoben ar iqces dakanonebul movlenad sazogadoebriv cxovrebashi.

filosofosebis azrit magia sulac ar aris religia damagis da religias shoris is gansxvavebaa, rom morcmunes sjera ghmertis arsebobis da masze amyarebs imedebs jadoqars ki mxolod sakutari tavis imedi aqvs.aris eseti versia rom magia ufro mecnierebas enatesaveba vidre religias. magia or nacilad sheidzleba daiyosagresiuli da dacviti. magiis carmoshobidan dghemde saukuneebi gavida da amproblemaze mravali cigni gamovida.


agresiuli magia - adamians zebunebrivi dzalit gadaecema.tilismis tarebit an magiuri camlis moxmarebit.iniciuri (dacyebiti,transmisioneruli,inicepciuri magia)- aseti magia jadoqrobisgan shorsaa,amitom sruldeba moqmedebisdasacyisi, misi dasruleba magias ekisreba. parciuli(kontagiozuri) - am dros jadoqroba sruldeba ara ushualod obieqtze aramed mis tansacmelze,tmaze, frchxilze da a. sh.imitaruli(homeopatiuri,similuri) - aset shemtxvevashi magia uketdeba adamians datardeba rituali.

dacviti magia

gandevniti (spiritopiuli) -es magia icavs adamians avitvalisgan.gancmenditi (katartuli) -gulisxmobs ganbanas cecxlze gadaxtomas da a. sh.

2. miznobrivi klasifikacia

samkurnalo magia - esaa magiis udzvelesi saxe igi samkurnaloa. mkurnalobaxdeba sxva da sxva balaxit, masazhebit, kompresebit da sisxlis gamoshvebit.samxedro magia - ulocaven iaraghs da sabrdzolo nivtebs. sarecao (samonadireo) -tardeba ritualebi ris shemdegac monadire met cxovels xocavs da metevze met tevzs iჭers.siyvarulis magia - misi mizania moxibvla an arasasurveli adamianis tavidan moshoreba. sameurneo magia - tardeba ritualebi ris shemdegac modis meti mosavali.
shavi magia - am magiis danishnulebaa ziani miayenos ert an ramdenime adamians.shavi magia imdenad gavrcelebulia rom yvela ubedur shemtxvevas mas abraleben. magiuri zemoqmedebistvis xshirad iyeneben gvelis gamxmar tyavs.
avi tvali - arsebobs aseti tipis magiac, rac dzalian sashishia qorcinebisas da sxva mnishvnelovani movlenebis dros.

msoflioshi orasze meti religiaa cnobili. mat shoris mravali ram saertoa, mravali - gansxvavebuli. religiebi ertmanetisagan gansxvavdebian sidzvelit, tradiciebit, shinaarsit, filosofiuri sighrmit. udidesi, daxvecili religiebis - qristianobis, iudaizmis, islamis, budizmis, induizmis gverdit arseboben chamorchenil tomta primitiuli religiuri carmodgenebi, kerpta tayvaniscema, umartivesi ritualebi.

msoflios umnishvnelovanesi religiebi :

qristianoba
katolicizmi
protestantizmi
martlmadidebloba
anglikanizmi

sxva mimdinareobebi:
islami
sunizmi
shiizmi
induizmi
chinuri religiebi
budizmi
etnikuri religiebi
ateizmi


sxva religiebi da religiuri mimdinareobebi:

bahaizmi- brahmanizmi-zoroastrizmi- iudaizmi- konfucianeloba- mormonizmi- oomoto- sintoizmi- siqxizmi- spiritizmi- taoizmi- uonbulizmi-shamanizmi-jainizmi

cminda cignebi:

avesta- biblia- tora-yurani- tripitaka- vedebi

shvidi brdzeni:

mose- lao-dzi- buda-sokrate-konfuci- ieso qriste-muhamedi

cminda adgilebi:

sioni- qaaba- artemidas tadzari - ierusalimis tadzari

cminda enebi:

latinuri ena-berdznuli ena- sanskriti- ebrauli ena- arameuli ena-arabuli ena

aq naxet zogierti religiis simboloebi>>>